Convection Currents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Convection Currents - Essay Example This is known as a warm. Figure 1 cloud development, which may create a rainstorm. A cumulonimbus cloud, or cloud, is an especially emotional case of a convection cell. In the end the warmed cell is cooled by the encompassing air, starts to fall, and the cycle is rehashed. Though the Sun's electromagnetic vitality is the vitality hotspot for climatic convection, asthenospheric convection is filled by radioactive rot in the world's center. The convective cells structure in the asthenosphere, an area of very high weight at a profundity of around 60-200 miles where rocks are disfigured and get liquid by gigantic weights. In the asthenosphere, the liquid material ascents in a convection current until it arrives in a desperate predicament of the upper layer of Earth's inside comprising of the covering and the mantle. Here, it can not rise any farther and starts to move on a level plane. Figure 2 portrays the development of the convection cells in the asthenosphere. The red zones are the warmed liquid material ascending from the world's middle and advancing toward the surface. As the material arrives at the surface it Figure 2 Inevitably the material cools and as it does it gets denser. This material at that point gradually sinks through the lighter material until it is again warmed by the world's center. It frames another convection cell and rehashes this equivalent procedure. In both the climate and the asthenosphere material is moved starting with one area then onto the next. Lower air levels ascend to turn into the upper air, and as the cooler upper air cells fall they become ground level air. Inside the Earth, unpredictable convection cells inside the mantle move heat from the center to the outside of the planet. This procedure is the main thrust behind both warmth move and plate tectonics (The Restless Earth). The impact of the rising material likewise frames mountain ranges. This procedure additionally moves vitality starting with one region then onto the next. This exchange of vitality can bring about rough action if the exchange happens unexpectedly. In the environment we see it structure high breezes and rainstorms. In the asthenosphere, vitality is generally moved by warming the world's hull. In different cases, it might bring about a fountain of liquid magma or a tremor. The hydrosphere is additionally a functioning medium that is fueled by convection. The development of convection cells is the power behind the sea flows. Flow designs in the seas are driven by thickness contrasts among hotter and colder hydrospheric cells. As the water courses, material and vitality are moved. The sea's water is warmed by the sun just as undersea sight-seeing vents. It is cooled by the polar ice tops. Convection is additionally answerable for the activity of the water cycle. As the sun warms the surface water on the earth, it dissipates and becomes water fume. This warmed fume ascends until it experiences the cooler air at higher elevations. Here it consolidates once more into water and comes back to earth as precipitation (The Water Cycle). Convection happens whenever there is a mass of gas or fluid on the earth. It causes our climate, winds, and sea flows. Convection warms our air and makes our mountain ranges. It results

Get Your Mariners Safety Training Certification

Get Your Mariners Safety Training Certification In the event that you are searching for a vocation in an oceanic field, you may consider acquiring your Standards for Training Certification and Watchkeeping (STCW) affirmation. This affirmation is an essential security preparing yet it tends to be a significant venturing stone to getting your fantasy work. Stage 1: Determine How You Will Use Your Training Your definitive objective will decide the best way to your STCW confirmation. In the event that youre not secure with the specific employment you need that is alright in light of the fact that a large portion of the accompanying advances apply to everybody looking for this fundamental wellbeing preparing. The two primary exemptions are boss explicit courses like those intended for voyage ships and post-military work force who need to move their abilities to regular citizen accreditations. Regardless of whether you can be categorized as one of these classifications there are points of interest to following these means. Stage 2: Determine the Job Requirements for Your Goal Position On the off chance that you have an objective business and occupation it ought to be anything but difficult to find a new line of work portrayal in addition to negligible and favored necessities. STCW affirmation is perceived universally and differs little from the first IMO show. Only one out of every odd activity will have a composed portrayal of necessities and some may basically embrace a normalized depiction from an outsider or government office. On the off chance that you are all alone in this experience, at that point it will take more work to discover what you have to do. Well utilize a typical case of group on a private vessel. Recreational Boating is a typical passage point into the business side of the business. Numerous situations for team are offered every year and some in colorful goals can be a fantastic method to travel and still produce salary. Practically these team positions require STCW confirmation at the very least. So as to lessen protection costs and guarantee the security of the vessel and travelers everybody working on board should be STCW affirmed. The abilities of STCW are the very nuts and bolts however bargain probably the most significant preparing a mariner will get in their vocation. On the off chance that you can't figure out what the specific capabilities are required for the activity search for some identical vessels and look at least capabilities. Schools can offer some counsel as well. Stage 3: Identify a Training Location This is simple since there is just a single choice nowadays. Before, a STCW confirmation could be picked up on experience alone. Today the inverse is valid, the entirety of the preparation happens in the study hall and every so often showed in the field. On the off chance that you are new to pontoons you might need to search for a course that is hands-on and offers some time on the water. Hands-on courses are increasingly costly yet justified, despite all the trouble on the off chance that you dont have noteworthy handy experience. For certain businesses, a course with genuine conditions may replace some ocean hours. The expense of any of these courses is critical and in places like the United States, the expense to get a few affirmations is considerably higher because of additional safety efforts. Glance around, realize what kind of item you are looking for, read audits, converse with potential bosses; you may need to travel yet that can be remembered for costs in the event that you are getting budgetary guide. Monetary guide can be utilized for sea training and most schools make that procedure as simple as workable for potential understudies. Stage Four: Obtain Experience This is the most significant advance of all. There are numerous alumni of STCW programs that have no professional training and miracle why they cannot land that position in the Mediterranean. Straightforward, those occupations go to tried STCW graduates. Land any position you can that gives you some time on the water that can be reported. Possibly your region just has a short visitor season and neighborhood employments produce not many hours consistently. Take those couple of hours, have your boss archive them, and remember them for your resume or CV.

Good Topics to Write an Essay On

Good Topics to Write an Essay OnIf you have been looking for good topics to write an essay on, then this article was written for you. I hope that you find it useful and helpful in your search for good topics to write an essay on. Topics are great, but if you do not know how to best use them, they become less than desirable.The first thing you need to remember when looking for a good topic to write an essay on is the type of student you are dealing with. Some students love learning. Other students enjoy working through a book. You might find that the students who love learning work much more efficiently when they know how to apply what they learn.You should look at your essay as a series of questions. How do you plan to answer each question? You will want to think about what exactly you will be writing about before you write the essay. Think about what you can say about the subject. Then you can start to think about where you will start your essay.Having a topic in mind will also make it easier to come up with a good topic to write an essay on. If you don't have a good topic in mind, you won't have a very good idea of how to go about writing the essay. If you don't have a topic in mind, you won't know what you will say when you are writing the essay.You should also consider the reason you are writing the essay in the first place. Are you writing it for school or just for fun? If you are writing it for school, you will need to choose a topic that is more involved. If you are writing it for fun, you might not need to worry about proper grammar. You may only need to worry about punctuation and spelling.Finally, you should try to see if there is something about the topic that would interest you or your writing partner. If you are writing an essay to help a friend, you might want to have a topic that you and your friend both enjoy. If you are writing it for yourself, you may not need to consider other people's tastes.There are many ways to come up with a topic to wri te an essay on. If you take a look at any college campus, you will find that there are plenty of topics that students love to write about. You can look at websites to find articles to help you out with your topic. You can even look in your local newspaper for some writing that is related to the topic you want to write about.Good topics to write an essay on include things such as current events, sports, pop culture, politics, history, technology, and other subjects that you are interested in. When you are looking for a topic to write an essay on, you will find that you can choose from any topic that you like, no matter what your type of subject matter is.

Jabberwocky by Lewis Carroll

English writer Lewis Carroll (1832- 1898) is best known for his genre-bending work Alices Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and its sequel Through the Looking Glass (1872). The tale of a young girl who visits a strange land is a classic of childrens literature and cemented Carrolls place in the Western literary canon. Even though theyre widely considered to be important works, the talking animals and possible depiction  of what has been interpreted as drug use have placed Wonderland and Looking Glass on numerous lists of banned books. Lewis Carroll Life and Work Lewis Carroll was actually the pen name of  Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, a cleric, scholar, teacher, and mathematician. Before turning to writing childrens fiction, Dodgson/Carroll wrote several mathematical texts while a student at Christ Church College, Oxford, including An Elementary Treatise on Determinants, Curiosa Mathematica and Euclid and His Modern Rivals. He met the Liddell family while a teacher at Christ Church College  and was enchanted by their young daughter Alice. Although he later said his fictional heroine was not based on any real person, Carroll reportedly made up the Wonderland stories, or at least their outlines, as a way of entertaining Alice Liddell and her friends. Carroll wrote several other works, some about Alice, in his later years, but never again achieved the commercial success of Wonderland and Looking Glass. Analyzing Carrolls Poem Jabberwocky Jabberwocky is a poem contained within Through the Looking Glass.  Alice discovers the poem in a book on a table during a visit to the Red Queen. From what we can understand, the poem is a mythical monster who is slain by the hero of the poem. Who is the hero? Who is the narrator? Its almost impossible for the reader to tell  since were already in the weird world of Wonderland. Even Alice doesnt understand what shes reading. Written in a ballad style, most of the words within the Jabberwocky are nonsensical, yet it hews to a traditional poetic structure. Here is the complete text of Lewis Carrolls Jabberwocky. Twas brillig, and the slithy tovesDid gyre and gimble in the wabe:All mimsy were the borogoves,And the mome raths outgrabe. Beware the Jabberwock, my son!The jaws that bite, the claws that catch!Beware the Jubjub bird, and shunThe frumious Bandersnatch! He took his vorpal sword in hand:Long time the manxome foe he soughtSo rested he by the Tumtum tree,And stood a while in thought. And, as in uffish thought he stood,The Jabberwock, with eyes of flame,Came whiffling through the tulgey wood,And burbled as it came! One two! One two! And through and throughThe vorpal blade went snicker-snack!He left it dead, and with its headHe went galumphing back. And hast thou slain the Jabberwock?Come to my arms, my beamish boy!Oh frabjous day! Callooh! Callay!He chortled in his joy. Twas brillig, and the slithy tovesDid gyre and gimble in the wabe:All mimsy were the borogoves,And the mome raths outgrabe.

Counseling Should Make A Difference - 994 Words

ENC 1101 Final Essay Jacob Buxton Fall, 2014 Counseling Would Make a Difference According to Huff Post Divorce, Divorce Rate by State, per 1000 residents in America 12.3 of them get divorced. (Huff Post)With the divorce rate steadily climbing, I believe that every state should enact a divorce counseling law that requires married couples to go through counseling before being granted a divorce. This law can help married couples on the verge of divorce resolve their issues and build happier, more successful relationships. Marriage counselors are trained to address all kinds of relationship issues, including problems with communication and finances. These two inconveniences are the most common setbacks that aid in the result of†¦show more content†¦In fact, though, studies concluded from corporate training companies like VitalSmarts have shown that we exhibit the same communication skills at work as we do at home. (Trunk 1) The reason why we falsely accuse ourselves of having different communication skills when dealing with issues at home is because getting fired is not just a new job hunt. Counseling is a way for couples to come to a consensus on what they want in a marriage. Attending counseling is also a way for couples who have a hard time communicating to be able to have a third party that is uninvolved in both of the partner’s lives to give an outside opinion. Couples often experience their first time really communicating while attending counseling. A lot of the time couples experience some sort of epiphany while seeing a counselor for a few months. One of the most common problems in an early marriage is the lack

Managing Diversity in the 21st Century Workplace - 7087 Words

Managing Diversity in the 21st Century Workplace Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Diversity Management 6 Barriers to Managing Workplace Diversity 8 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and lawsuits 8 Conscious and unconscious bias in the workplace 9 Harassment and incivility 11 Generation gaps 12 Cultural changes 13 The Business Case for Diversity 14 Recruitment and Selection 16 Practicing Inclusion in the Workplace 19 Deciphering Diversity and Inclusion 20 Diversity Training and Education 22 Retaining a Diverse Workforce 24 Conclusion 26 References 27 Abstract Organizations†¦show more content†¦Organizations in today’s business and labor markets are faced with new challenges due to globalization. These challenges are due to a more diverse workforce, a multicultural customer base, and competition from international organizations to gain market shares. Human Resource Managers and organizations must learn to manage diversity across international borders to accommodate the business markets of the 21st century. It is crucial that organizations properly manage these new areas of diversity to improve profit margins and keep their competitive advantage. It is equally important for them to maintain justice and equality in diversity management to ensure that diverse groups are not excluded or oppressed in the workplace (Watson, Spoonley, and Fitzgerald, 2009). Creating new diversity initiatives to adapt to the demographic changes rapidly occurring in the 21st century business markets is time sensitive. It will be difficult for organizations to attract and retain a diverse workforce without a strong diversity program in place. For years, organizations primarily placed their focus on fundamental fairness and equal opportunity in the workplace. By placing so much focus on the â€Å"business necessity side† of diversity, organizations have ignored the â€Å"ethical considerations† to diversity (O’Leary and Weathington, 2006, p. 7). Organizational leaders rely on Human Resource Managers to maintain a balance between employee responsibilities and employer obligationsShow MoreRelatedHr Field Of Human Resource Management1668 Words   |  7 PagesHR in the 21st century Introduction: As the business world journeyed into the 21st century, the traditional ways of handling many business aspects slowly drifted away. This â€Å"turn-of-the-century† brought a whole new way of how businesses operate and the departments within. These new ways of the business include the prominence of technology, the ongoing fight for diversity in the workplace, and expansion on globalization. Because these changes also effect the employees within the workplace, this hasRead MoreThe Benefits And Challenges Of Diversity869 Words   |  4 Pagesand challenges of diversity in the workplace. Research Questions The literature review will answer four research questions: 1. What is diversity and what positive affects does it has in the workplace? 2. How should leaders manage the diversity in the workplace? 3. What are the challenges for leaders managing the workplace? 4. What are the benefits of the younger and older generation in the workplace? Literature Review Outline I. Need for This Research A. Diversity in the workplace is an ongoing situationRead MoreThe Australian Workplace Is A Evolving Environment1483 Words   |  6 Pages The Australian workplace is a constantly evolving environment. When we look at the structure of the Australian workplace environment, we can infer that Australia’s multicultural society has broken down the barriers of uniformity. This both contextual and individual concept is refereed to as diversity. Contrary to popular belief, diversity does not jus relate to gender, race cultural identity. Diversity is categorized into four main categories: organisational, internal, external and personalityRead MoreDemographic Diversity And Cultural Diversity1700 Words   |  7 PagesDEMOGRAPHIC AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY GOPI KRISHNA CHALLA RIVIER UNIVERSITY Demographic and Cultural Diversity ABSTRACT The research is concerning Organizational Behavior which includes unusual types of Organizations with dissimilar types of public behaviors. Among that Demographic Diversity and Cultural Diversity of an Organization is extremely significant to turn into a triumphant organization or company in the marketplace Especially the Demographic and Cultural Diversity show the in good physicalRead MoreManaging Organizational Diversity : The Most Critical Leadership Issues Facing Organizations Today1925 Words   |  8 Pages INTRODUCTION Managing organizational diversity is the most critical leadership issue facing organizations today. According to Daft, â€Å"The growing diversity within organizations brings vitality and many benefits but also brings a variety of challenges, such as maintaining a strong corporate culture while supporting diversity, balancing work and family concerns, and coping with the conflict brought about by varying cultural styles† (Daft, 2013). The United States is becoming more diverse every dayRead MoreOrganisational Behaviour Challenges Sb1292 Words   |  6 PagesOrganisational Behaviour in the 21st Century Snehaal Bhalavat October 9, 2010 To explain the challenges faced by today’s organisations, I will first express my understanding on organizational behaviour and further will highlight challenges and explain the problems in context to Indian business. Managing People Often managers think managing people is something that they often think they can do, or indeed ought to be able to do. The interesting thing is that it is neither something theyRead MoreManaging A Diverse Workforce, Sexual Harassment, And Human Resource Management1502 Words   |  7 Pageschallenges of managing a diverse workforce, sexual harassment, and human resource training and development. Managing a Diverse Workforce. Managing workplace diversity is an important requirement for managers and the organization. Issues regarding workplace diversity should be addressed openly along with policies designed to protect employees (Satterlee, 2013). All employees must be treated with respect and professionalism, and be able to use their skills. If there are biases based on diversity in the workplaceRead MoreMcGregor’s Theory X and Y Essay1213 Words   |  5 PagesManaging resources efficiently and effectively is the most fundamental goal for organisation which aims to maximise individual and social prosperity. Therefore, the management theory is constantly developing. In 20th century, there were several management theories proposed such as scientific management, administrative management, behavioural management, etc. as increasingly aware of human are crucial element of the organisation and vital in influencing overall organisational performance, DouglasRead MoreThe Impa ct of Globalization on Leadership and Management Essay1067 Words   |  5 Pages Globalization, both as an ideology and process, has become the dominant political, economical and cultural force in the 21st century. Quote from Globalism: The New Market Ideology by Manfred D.Steger Merriam-Webster defines globalization as â€Å"the act or process of globalizing: the development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free trade, free flow of capitalRead MoreManagement Challenges in the 21st Century1189 Words   |  5 Pagesas the process of administering and coordinating resources effectively and efficiently in an effort to achiever the goals of the organization. Managers plan, lead, organize and control. Managing in the 21st century can pose many challenges. Some of these challenges are telecommuting, globalization and diversity, and a changing legal climate. Telecommuting Information technology is making it easier for employees to work from home. Telecommuting has several benefits for employees: reduced cost

Journal of the International goods Academy - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Journal of the International goods Academy. Answer: Introduction The market of video rentals is replaced by online streaming. Internet streaming is considered to be the fastest way of accessing internet-based contents. Streaming is a process that enables the viewers to use online contents before the file has been downloaded. The online data get automatically deleted after it has been viewed. Fast data connection is the main requirement for online streaming of video (Adhikari et al. 2012). Streaming of video cannot be easily copied and this helps in piracy protection. Companies can reach a wide range of audiences by video streaming. Netflix is an online streaming service that is based in U.S. Netflix had started its business with DVD-by-mail service in 1997 (Amatriain 2013). Later on in the year 2007, Netflix launched its video streaming services that led to the decline of physical video rental stores and services. Netflix has become the leader in the market of video streaming and is focusing on original content production. This report describes how Netflix beat Blockbuster. It discusses the history of Netflix and Blockbuster in brief. The following report shows the role played by the changing technology in the video rental and video streaming market. It compares the characteristics of online operations with the retail outlets and shows how online operations have helped Netflix to achieve success. This report outlines the pricing strategies and the innovations of Netflix. It also predicts whether Netflix will remain the dominant player of video streaming. The following report discusses the reasons behind the demise of Qwikster. It shows how Netflix regained its position by providing original content. This report also shows the future scope of Netflix. Institutional Background A brief history of Blockbuster Blockbuster was founded by David Cook in the year 1985 after Cook Data Services had stopped supplying software to the oil and gas industry of Texas. The first retail store of Blockbuster was opened in Dallas, Texas, U.S.A (Freedman 2012). Blockbuster became the largest video rentals in the world. In the year 1987, Blockbuster was sold to three investors. In the year 1992, Blockbuster had more than 2800 stores across the world. In the year 2004, Blockbuster had gained market share with around 9000 retail stores around the world. In 2004, 10 percent of its revenue was from the late fees that customers had paid because they were unable to return the rented movies. In the year 2010, Blockbuster had filed for bankruptcy protection against a debt of $1 billion. With the advanced technological growth and business strategy of Netflix, Blockbuster was facing problem in the video market. The old or traditional business model and strategy of Blockbuster had allowed its competitors to take most of the market share (Davis and Higgins 2013). Dish Network had bought the retail stores and other assets of the company in 2011. In the year 2013, Dish Network had announced to close all the retail stores in U.S.A. Blockbuster has been able to operate at least 10 stores across U.S.A. A brief history of Netflix Netflix was founded in the year 1997 when Internet retailing was gaining importance over traditional retail stores. Netflix had offered the delivery of DVDs to the customers via mails (Cook 2014). Initially, Netflix had concentrated on the early-technology adopters with a marketing strategy of developing cross-promotional programs with the sellers and manufacturers of DVD players. Netflix had charged $4 for each movie along with $2 handling and shipping charges. Netflix had a cash-induced strategy. Customer complaints regarding high price and slow delivery of the DVDs led to the formation of the prepaid subscription strategy and service in the year 1999. A recommendation system was offered to the customers based on customer surveys. In 2002, Netflix had allowed the customers to unsubscribe over the Internet by completing a survey form for explaining the reason for unsubscribing. Netflix attempted to split the streaming businesses and DVD by creating Qwikster in 2011. This idea did no t work well and was dropped within one month. The explicit strategy of Netflix led to its growth and success. In the year 2013, Netflix had moved to original programming with the House of Cards series. How Netflix beat Blockbuster Changing technology Netflix could beat Blockbuster by effectively utilizing the functionalities of emerging technologies. Its executives and leaders had understood the importance of the emerging and advanced technologies and had supported the idea of Internet streaming (McDonald and Smith-Rowsey 2016). Netflix had adopted a strategy of Internet streaming that allowed its customers to access movies over a virtual platform. It was more convenient for the customers as they did not have to visit the stores (Hiller 2017). Netflix could deliver high level customer service. Reed Hastings could predict that the renting of movie and video cassettes would come to an end. The role of compression technology helped Netflix to achieve success (Lusted 2012). People were gaining access to the Internet services, and this enabled the streaming of video files over the Internet. Netflix could change its strategy to video streaming from its strategy of sending DVDs through mail by utilizing the functionalities of Internet a nd compressed technology. Netflix had adopted an open-source strategy and approach for distributing movies on computers, DVD players, mobile phones, laptops and TVs. The subscription strategy allowed the customers of Netflix to watch movies and videos based on their demand (Sherman and Waterman 2016). Netflix had adopted a pay-per-view programming approach. The search engine of Netflix had helped the customers to search and sort by the name of the movie, actor and genre. Netflix developed a recommendation system based on customer preferences that used an algorithm to give proper suggestions to the users (Hallinan and Striphas 2016). Customers of Netflix were asked to go through a survey after they created a new account. Based on the survey as well as the searches of the users, the proprietary algorithm of Netflix could give appropriate movie and series recommendations to the users. This recommendation system based on machine learning as well as algorithm had proved to be convenient for the customers. The adoption of advanced technologies and algorithms had helped Netflix to flourish and beat Blockbuster. Retail outlet versus operating online Netflix could beat Blockbuster because of the advantages that it provided by operating online. Blockbuster had retail outlets where the customers had to visit. The online operations of Netflix had allowed the customers to watch movies and series over the Internet in real-time. This online approach was convenient for the users. The users did not have to visit the retail video rental stores for hiring video cassettes. The online video streaming concept had saved the cost and time of the customers. Netflix could save the cost of operating retail outlets and maintaining sales executives (Summers et al. 2016). Netflix could operate its business at a low cost as compared to Blockbuster. Blockbuster was still using the traditional strategy of operating retail stores. Netflix could offer several advantages to the customers. Netflix offered several choices of movies to the users over its online platform. Users having high-speed connection of Internet could easily watch web series and movies i n real-time. Users could get access to video games and movies at their doorsteps. Netflix could offer customized packages based on customer preferences that were not available in any retail video rental stores. The recommendation system of Netflix had helped the customers to choose movies and series easily. The original contents provided by Netflix had played a major role in its success (Villarroel, Taylor and Tucci 2013). Netflix could update the online programs and channels on a regular basis. The various features and facilities offered by Netflix through the online operations have helped in beating the retail stores of Blockbuster. Pricing strategies Netflix had initially adopted a traditional pricing model where the customers had to pay for each rented movie, and this charge also included the shipping as well as handling charges. The customers had to return the DVDs before a specific date or else they had to pay extra charges. This strategy was not appreciated by the customers as Netflix had a slow delivery service as compared to its competitors. Netflix had adopted a prepaid subscription pricing model to overcome the limitations of slow delivery services. This subscription model had allowed the customers to get four movies at once and receive four new movies every month. This new pricing strategy had turned the disadvantage of the slow delivery service into an advantage as the users could watch the other movies. Later on Netflix had further improved its pricing strategy (Allen, Feils and Disbrow 2014). The next pricing model of Netflix was to offer unlimited rentals at the first time. Subscribers were allowed to have three movies at one time. The subscribers could exchange the movies as many times as they wanted to. This pricing strategy of offering unlimited rentals had attracted new customers and users. Netflix did not charge any late fee to the customers. The main focus of Netflix was to provide convenience to the customers. Blockbuster used to rent movies and charge for late fee when the customers were unable to return t he video cassettes within a specified time. The overall expense of the customers was more when they used to hire video cassettes from the retail stores of Blockbuster (Baccarne, Evens and Schuurman 2013). The subscription plan of Netflix was effective and customers had found it to be more convenient as compared to that of Blockbuster. The subscription pricing strategy or model of Netflix had played a significant role in beating Blockbuster in the video rental market. Innovations of Netflix Netflix is considered to be one of the most innovative companies across the world. Unlike other broadcasters, Netflix does not aim to reach a broad range of audiences. Netflix aims to effectively cater to the needs of niches (Euchner and Ganguly 2014). The key innovation of Netflix was to build streaming video demand by providing free service along with the DVD that was delivered by mail. It keeps on upgrading and adding innovative ideas for growing its business. The innovative idea of video streaming had led to the close down of the traditional video renting businesses. The subscription plan of Netflix was also considered to be creative. Netflix had used the concept of online library and recommendation systems for providing convenience to the customers (Gomez-Uribe and Hunt 2016). Initially, Netflix had used a different and innovative approach to rent movies to its customers via mail. Later on the idea was modified and the features of Internet were utilized for streaming the videos online. Netflix believed in disruptive innovations. The recommendation system of Netflix used an algorithm to get an insight into the customer choices and preferences. Netflix had also offered a Netflix Prize of $1 million to the public for getting a better and advanced algorithm for its recommendation system (Hallinan and Striphas 2016). Netflix had also used innovative ideas to bring the concept of original programming where it broadcasted original web series such as House of Cards (Tryon 2015). Netflix has recently updated its static images on the user-interface platform to custom-created videos. The innovations and creativity of Netflix also allows the users to download the videos and watch them offline (Villarroel, Taylor and Tucci 2013). The main strategy of Netflix is to add devices for allowing subscribers to stream content. The creative approach of Netflix was mainly responsible for beating Blockbuster. Will Netflix remain the dominant provider of online video streaming Netflix stumbles: the demise of Qwikster Netflix had announced a hike in price for its combined streaming as well as DVD service in the month of July in 2011. Netflix had realized that DVD-by-mail service was completely different from streaming businesses. They had different marketing as well as cost structures. Netflix had identified that both the businesses could be run independently. Netflix wanted to resolve this issue by separating the two businesses into two different entities. Netflix had decided that the DVD-by-mail business would be conducted by Qwikster. Qwikster was planned in response to the negative reaction of the price hike that was announced by Netflix. There were several reasons behind the failure of the Qwikster plan. The split of the website made it inconvenient for the users to manage the different queues and accounts in the separate websites (Som.yale.edu 2018). Separate ratings, separate preferences and separate bills for Qwikster and Netflix would create problem for the users. This plan had showed tha t Netflix was focusing on its own benefits rather than the benefits of the customers. Netflix wanted to focus on the streaming business as this was considered to be beneficial for the company in the future. It had seemed to the investors that Netflix wanted to focus on its own benefits by separating the business of DVD-by-mail service and the video streaming service. DVD-by-mail service had to incur high cost because of the acquisition of pay-for-postage and physical discs. The operational cost of the business associated with the DVD-by-mail service would be high, and this business would become obsolete in future. No investor would show interest in buying a cost-intensive company that would become obsolete in the near future. The business strategy developed by Netflix was outraged by its customers and it had lost several customers along with a fall in its share price. Netflix could have used a smarter strategy by increasing the price of the subscription plan by a small amount for fe w years, and after reaching a certain limit it could have split the businesses. Netflix had lost a huge number of members with the hike in price and the Qwikster plan. Netflix rebuilds: The rise of original content After the demise of the Qwikster plan, Netflix decided to invest in content production and original programming. Netflix had contracted with an independent studio for creating 26 episodes of the House of Cards series. The series was a success and it had set a success standard for original programs and ventures (Tryon 2015). Netflix had focused on original programming for developing a competitive edge in the video streaming business (Stelter 2013). Netflix had spent a major portion of the budget on original content production. The unique approach and strategy of Netflix had helped it to gain several subscribers. Netflix focused on delivering high quality content for its growth. The company started focusing on balancing the mix of original contents and licensed series for gaining competitive advantage in the streaming market (CNN 2018). The concept of original programming was considered to be a key to the success of Netflix. Netflix had collected customer information and data for produ cing original contents that could satisfy the needs of the subscribers (Goldfayn 2012). The customer data was initially used for improving the recommendation system of Netflix. Later on the details were used for creating appropriate original contents that would satisfy the users. Netflix could beat its competitors: Amazon Prime and Hulu by providing better quality contents (Adhikari et al. 2015). The concept of original programming and content had helped Netflix to succeed and become the leader in the video streaming market. The future of Netflix Netflix is supposed to spend around $8 million on original programming in the year 2018. It will also announce a hike in the price of the subscription plan. This plan would edge the price towards the price offered by other competitors such as HBO (Harvard Business Review 2018). This can be a challenging factor for Netflix in the future. The rise in competition in the market can affect the business of Netflix. Netflix will get international growth opportunities in the future. Netflix has observed substantial growth in the international markets such as Brazil, Canada and Mexico and expects to have further growth in the international market (Tippie.biz.uiowa.edu 2018). International competition is considered to be lighter as compared to domestic competition, and it will enable the expansion of Netflix in the future. As the number of competitors is expected to increase in the domestic market, Netflix will need to invest more in the production of original contents. With the spending of $8 million on original content, Netflix is expected to run with a negative free cash flow in 2018. The original content can play a significant role in contributing to the additional growth of the subscriber and increase the future earnings of Netflix (Tryon 2015). If there is continuous growth in economy, then Netflix will be able minimize the negative effects due to increased competition. The main focus of Netflix is to invest in original content in the future. Netflix will add more original programs and contents to its library for maintaining its position in the streaming market. The library of Netflix is expected to consist 50 percent of original content such as original films and TV series by the end of 2018. Netflix is expected to remain the dominant leader of online video streaming by using its innovative strategies. Conclusion This report concludes that utilization of emerging technology has helped Netflix to achieve success in the video streaming market and beat the business of Blockbuster. Blockbuster had the leading video rental business in 1987. It had around 9000 retail stores across the world. The traditional business strategy had led to the downfall of the business of Blockbuster. Netflix had offered DVD-by-mail service to the users. Netflix had adopted an advanced business strategy, and had focused on streaming video by utilizing the features of compressed technology. The recommendation system of Netflix had helped it to improve customer experience by giving appropriate movie and series suggestions. Online operations had provided more convenience to the customers, and they had started to prefer online streaming and operations over retail outlets. This report pointed out that the prepaid subscription pricing strategy and model of Netflix was one of the main factors behind the success of its business . According to this report, innovations of Netflix include custom-created videos on the user-interface, original programming and the use of recommendation system. This report highlighted certain reasons for the demise of Qwikster such as high operating costs and chance of becoming obsolete in the future. It showed how the idea of original content had helped Netflix to regain its position in the market. This report said that Netflix is planning to invest $8 million on the original content production in 2018. It concludes that Netflix will be able to maintain its position in the market and remain the dominant leader in the streaming industry by focusing on the production of original content. References Adhikari, V.K., Guo, Y., Hao, F., Hilt, V., Zhang, Z.L., Varvello, M. and Steiner, M., 2015. Measurement study of Netflix, Hulu, and a tale of three CDNs.IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON),23(6), pp.1984-1997. Adhikari, V.K., Guo, Y., Hao, F., Varvello, M., Hilt, V., Steiner, M. and Zhang, Z.L., 2012, March. Unreeling netflix: Understanding and improving multi-cdn movie delivery. InINFOCOM, 2012 Proceedings IEEE(pp. 1620-1628). IEEE. Allen, G., Feils, D. and Disbrow, H., 2014. The rise and fall of Netflix: what happened and where will it go from here?.Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies,20(1), p.135. Amatriain, X., 2013, August. Big personal: data and models behind netflix recommendations. InProceedings of the 2nd international workshop on big data, streams and heterogeneous source Mining: Algorithms, systems, programming models and applications(pp. 1-6). ACM. Baccarne, B., Evens, T. and Schuurman, D., 2013. The television struggle: an assessment of over-the-top television evolutions in a cable dominant market. CNN., 2018.A brief history of Netflix. [online] Available at: https://edition.cnn.com/2014/07/21/showbiz/gallery/netflix-history/index.html [Accessed 13 Jan. 2018]. Cook, C.I., 2014. Netflix: A stepping stone in the evolution of television. Davis, T. and Higgins, J., 2013. A Blockbuster Failure: How an Outdated Business Model Destroyed a Giant. Euchner, J. and Ganguly, A., 2014. Business model innovation in practice.Research-Technology Management,57(6), pp.33-39. Freedman, D., 2012. Web 2.0 and the death of the blockbuster economy.Misunderstanding the Internet, pp.69-94. Goldfayn, A.L., 2012.Evangelist Marketing: What Apple, Amazon, and Netflix Understand about Their Customers (that Your Company Probably Doesn't). BenBella Books. Gomez-Uribe, C.A. and Hunt, N., 2016. The netflix recommender system: Algorithms, business value, and innovation.ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems (TMIS),6(4), p.13. Hallinan, B. and Striphas, T., 2016. Recommended for you: The Netflix Prize and the production of algorithmic culture.New Media Society,18(1), pp.117-137. Harvard Business Review., 2018.Netflix and Why the Future of Streaming Looks Like Old-School TV. [online] Available at: https://hbr.org/2017/10/netflix-and-why-the-future-of-streaming-looks-like-old-school-tv [Accessed 13 Jan. 2018]. Hiller, R.S., 2017. Profitably bundling information goods: Evidence from the evolving video library of Netflix.Journal of Media Economics,30(2), pp.65-81. Lusted, M.A., 2012.Netflix: The Company and Its Founders: The Company and Its Founders. ABDO. McDonald, K. and Smith-Rowsey, D. eds., 2016.The Netflix effect: Technology and entertainment in the 21st century. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. Sherman, R. and Waterman, D., 2016. 22. The economics of online video entertainment.Handbook on the Economics of the Internet, p.458. Som.yale.edu., 2018.Netflix and Qwikster. [online] Available at: https://som.yale.edu/sites/default/files/Cases/SOM_12-019_Netflix%20and%20Qwikster.pdf [Accessed 13 Jan. 2018]. Stelter, B., 2013. Netflix hits milestone and raises its sights.The New York Times. Summers, J., Brecht, T., Eager, D. and Gutarin, A., 2016, September. Characterizing the workload of a Netflix streaming video server. InWorkload Characterization (IISWC), 2016 IEEE International Symposium on(pp. 1-12). IEEE. Tippie.biz.uiowa.edu., 2018.Netflix Inc. [online] Available at: https://tippie.biz.uiowa.edu/krause/s17_NFLX.pdf [Accessed 13 Jan. 2018]. Tryon, C., 2015. TV got better: Netflixs original programming strategies and the on-demand television transition.Media Industries Journal,2(2). Villarroel, J.A., Taylor, J.E. and Tucci, C.L., 2013. Innovation and learning performance implications of free revealing and knowledge brokering in competing communities: insights from the Netflix Prize challenge.Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory,19(1), pp.42-77.

Iroquois Confederacy Notes free essay sample

Many of the Iroquois converted into Catholicism from the efforts of the french missionaries. However, like there was a great awakening in america, there was a revival of the old religion in the Iroquois. A new religion was developed, incorporating old pagan beliefs as well as some Quaker beliefs Culture. Family: They had 8 clans, led by clan mother. Oldest Women, not man. Marriages were decided upon the family and the spouses. They had a matrilineal society so daughters were more valued as sons, an oddity in Europe. They were a melting pot of people, adopted many people into their tribes. These people were generally given names to replace the deceased. They had many different festivals and ceremonies like the planting of the corn ceremony and the mind winter festival. Government economy The government of the Iroquois was defined by a unwritten framework known as the great peace. Under this structure, 50 chiefs came together to discuss problems. We will write a custom essay sample on Iroquois Confederacy Notes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most of the times, they found a way to cooperate. Even if the individual tribes that make up the confederacy couldnt find a compromise, they were able to find a way to pursue their own separate interests without hindering the other tribes. Economy: The Iroquois were by tradition farmers, farming the 3 sister crops of Corn, beans and squash. wampum, colored pieces of shell. Used for jeweler y, symbols of status, Warfare: The Iroquois held off European conquest for a very long quest, preferring to fight other neighboring tribes. However during the 1600’s they did fight wards with the french and Huron allies to control the fur trade, They also sided with the British during the French and Indian war. hoping to avoid future conflict with them.

Grave, Gravy, and Gravity

Grave, Gravy, and Gravity Grave, Gravy, and Gravity Grave, Gravy, and Gravity By Mark Nichol Are grave, gravy, and gravity related? Though they could be interpreted to have associated senses, their etymological origins are distinct. The noun grave, referring to a burial place, may seem to refer to weight, but it is unrelated to gravy or gravity, as is its derivative engrave. Grave and engrave stem from the Old English term grafen, meaning â€Å"dig† or â€Å"chisel†; the latter word, describing the action of inscription in stone or another hard surface, is a later form of the obsolete verb grave, which meant â€Å"carve.† And though gravy, a sauce based on the juice of cooked meat, can be heavy, its French forebear, grave (also graue), is apparently a misspelling of graune, meaning â€Å"sauce† or â€Å"stew†; its origin is the Latin word granum, meaning â€Å"grain† or â€Å"seed.† (Gravy can also mean, by extension, something good that was not earned or expected, such as effortlessly acquired funds, hence the idiom â€Å"gravy train† for a source of easy money.) Meanwhile, gravel comes from the Old French word gravele, which pertains to sand or small stones. But gravity is weighed down by a family of words, a couple of them perhaps unexpected, that have as a common ancestor gravis, meaning â€Å"heavy.† One of them is the sister noun gravitation; the sense distinction is that gravity refers to weight or to downward acceleration, which consists of centrifugal and gravitational, or attracting, forces. The verb form gravitate has a scientific meaning of â€Å"exert weight† or â€Å"move downward† but has also acquired the sense of emotional attraction or philosophical tendency; one might be said to gravitate toward a certain personality type or a specific school of thought. Other terms include the adjective grave, meaning â€Å"solemn,† gravid, meaning â€Å"pregnant† (from the notion of the pregnant state as a heavy burden), and gravitas, which means â€Å"dignity,† â€Å"influence,† or â€Å"presence† and alludes to a person’s serious attitude or physical bearing. Two words whose kinship with these words and each other may not be apparent are aggravation and grief. The original meaning of aggravation is â€Å"the act or result of making something worse.† It has another sense, â€Å"irritation,† which dilutes the useful specificity of the earlier definition but is also hundreds of years old. Grief, meanwhile, is also descended from gravis. Its meaning, â€Å"suffering,† stems from an Old French word (spelled the same) meaning â€Å"injustice† or â€Å"misfortune.† One who experiences grief is said to grieve, although the term can also apply to anger or oppression, especially in the verb form aggrieve, and one who is aggrieved is said to have a grievance. (That word may also apply to a statement articulating one’s dissatisfaction.) The adjectival form, grievous, means â€Å"difficult† or â€Å"serious.† Meanwhile, the term gravamen refers to the gist, or focus, of a grievance, especially in legal contexts, in which it pertains to the grounds for a legal action. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Use â€Å"That,† â€Å"Which,† and â€Å"Who†50 Synonyms for â€Å"Idea†5 Erroneously Constructed â€Å"Not Only . . . But Also† Sentences

An Analysis of the History and Development of Hip Hop Dancing (from Research Paper

An Analysis of the History and Development of Hip Hop Dancing (from late 1960's-1970s) - Research Paper Example The dances majorly consisted of the break dance, rapping and funk styles including locking and popping. It was initiated by African Americans. In fact, the word â€Å"hip† was used by the African Americans way before the evolution of the music and dance. It was performed along the streets, and there were well known promoters of the dance. In giving the whole picture a better view, it involved a lot of creativity that was accompanied by listening to the hip hop music. The manner in which it was carried out in most cases involved getting serious about the dancing which was rather hard to do. At the end of sufficient training, one got ready to enter the circle of performance and do lots of footwork including creating witty things and returning to the outside of the circle. This research also brings it clearly that the development of this dance was in an underground form that had lots of social significance. It, however, was not much appreciated by the outsiders until the media br ought it to the surface. In facilitating this, there was a need for other elements such as mcing, djing driven by the urban culture. Brake dancing was the most known aspect of the dance and was known as b-boying. Introduction Hip hop dance appeared in the United States. It was majorly done by the black Americans and some Latin Americans. It is a fact that the dance was not highly recognized by most people until the media machinery started highlighting it. Among these dances, there was the locking which was begun back in the 1970s. This was associated by Don Campbellock from Los Angels. He attempted to perform and learn how to dance in parties and more specifically, he did the â€Å"funky chicken† at this point in time. B-boying dance was another dancing style of hip hop that featured in these times. More precisely, it took place in 1972 in block parties. There was also the up rocking in the New York streets in the 1960s. This was followed by top rocking. Another style that re quired lots of techniques was the ground rocking. There was no basic training on the dance during these times, but individuals who had instincts for natural movement brought it to the streets. Break dancing was also well known among the dancers who performed it. A majority of the promoters of the dance was known, and most of them were good at the performance. In the early times, that is, 1960s to 1970s, the dance there were competitions held mostly along the streets. Many dances established their names as some of the most well known hip hop dancers across east cost and west cost. Movies that highlighted these dancing styles also promoted the dance and new moves. Theoretical perspective It is assumed that hip-hop is an African dance that developed in the States. This, however, is a misconception baring the fact that its origin also encompasses of Latina Americans. It may also be thought that the dancing style is only associated with the young generation and that it must have begun in the recent past. This research finding nullifies this thinking and gives a clear understanding of the places and year of origin of it. The publication sectors play a big role in ensuring the appreciation of any innovations in the music industry at large. Dance is the most benefited art in this field, especially in the audiovisual means of publication. Hop has always been associated with the ghettos in the United States; this is not a misdirected understanding as its origin, on a wide view, lies there. There are common figures that were associated with t

Foundations of Motivation (Module 9) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Foundations of Motivation (Module 9) - Assignment Example In contrast the test samples in India were able to perform the task requiring complex cognitive skills for the highest incentive because that incentive was in consonance with the outcomes they associated with such a tough goal. Thereby the results of this experiment were in tandem with the expectancy theory of motivation. The other conclusions arrived at by this experiment also happened to be strictly as per the expectancy theory of motivation. Once the workers get satisfied in relation to the remuneration, the start considering other desirable outcomes and tend to commit to a task as per the value they assign to these outcomes. These outcomes may not necessarily be monetary, but may comprise of varied other desirable outcomes like autonomy or self direction, opportunity to gain mastery over a skill, the thrill of the eventual challenge posed by a task, and a sense of direction and purpose. As evinced by the expectancy theory the outcomes that specific individuals tend the value diff er from person to person, and the motivation of an individual is directly proportional to the extent to which one values a possible outcome. 2. Them speaker’s message aligns a lot with my own personal experience. As per the conclusions pertaining to motivation deduced from my personal experience, the extent of motivation that an individual commits to a specific goal has a lot to do with the outcomes that an individual expects to solicit from the achievement of that goal. However, the one thing that needs to be taken care of is the fact that the outcomes that a person aspires for or values differ from person to person. I remember when I was in High School; I was quiet good at accounting. It was owing to my proficiency in accounting that a local retail merchant offered me the job of going through his sales accounts every evening. I used to spend about an hour everyday at his shop, checking his accounts. I really enjoyed this job. It allowed me to earn some money without comprom ising on my studies. It happened that during the holiday season the sales of this retailer went up and he offered to pay much more to me if I spent an extra hour or two every day checking his accounts. At first the possible outcome of earning more money appealed to me and I agreed to his proposal. However, as the time passed, this work started interfering with the time I ought to have dedicated to my studies. I soon realized that I valued the need to score better grades much more over the opportunity to earn money at the cost of my studies. Thereby I got immensely demotivated and quit this job after a few days. 3. As a manager the first thing that I learned from the given video is that once the employees are paid as per their expectations, they stop thinking about money and start focusing on the work at hand. Thereby, I will always make it a point to set the remunerations of the employees working for me at a level which is in consonance with their expectations and caters to their se nse of equity. Once this is done, I will never forget the fact that money is not the only outcome that motivates an employee, but people expect varied other attributes from a job that they really feel motivated about, like autonomy or the freedom of self direction, chance to achieve mastery over a skill, the sense of challenge posed by a goal and the sense of direction or purpose associated with a goal. Thereby

Needs Analysis Greco Roman Wrestling Physical Education Essay

Needs Analysis Greco Roman Wrestling Physical Education Essay Introduction Greco-Roman wrestling is a style of wrestling that is practiced worldwide. Originating from Ancient Greece, it reappeared in the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 and has been performed in every edition of the Olympic Games since then (1). Two wrestlers compete and are being evaluated by their performance in 3 two-minute periods, which can be terminated sooner by a pin. For this paper we are going to examine an elite 16 year old Greco-Roman wrestler who aims to improve lower body strength, lower body explosiveness, as wells as aerobic capacity to achieve satisfying values, compared to the median profile of an elite adolescent wrestler. Needs analysis Biomechanical analysis There is little biomechanical analysis on the sport of wrestling for the reason that it is a sport that involves every muscle group of the body, in their full range of motion. In wrestling due to the reason that athletes try to submit their opponents to the ground, fight against their opponents or keep balance so as to not to be thrown, their bodies can take every possible position to ensure that the opponent does not dominate (2). So specific motions do not are not a common phenomenon in a wrestling competition or training. Wrestling composes of whole body movements in full range of motion of the joints. All the muscles in the body are highly activated when wrestling intensively (3). All of the 3 types of contractions are often executed in wrestling, but there is a bigger amount of isometric contractions than other sports. Physiological analysis Wrestling is a demanding and complex sports field and an extremely dynamic activity, which requires high levels of anaerobic power, strength, agility and flexibility (4). Competitions are consisting of periods of maximal effort and maximum intensity anaerobic power, with submaximal effort periods between them. Studies indicate that the general physiological profile of elite wrestlers is: high anaerobic power and capacity, muscular strength, an above average aerobic power, flexibility, low fat percent values (typically 5-10% body fat) and a mesomorphic body type (5,6). Specifically for the needs of this paper detailed values are needed for maximum repetition values on bench press, squat and maximum oxygen consumption values. Norms for the selected tests The maximal oxygen uptake of Korean national and international wrestlers taking part in international competition has been shown to be about 53 to 56 (ml ·kg-1 ·min-1)(6). Those values are considered to be an acceptable profile of an elite wrestler. And have been used as a standard norm in many studies (7). The squat maximum repetition test (MR) has been used widely in wrestling for evaluation of lower body strength. In a study done in junior young students (16.05 ±1.09 years old) the Greco-Roman group that was tested in squat MR test had values of 101.94  ±23.83 kg (8). The international values, of weight lifted compared to bodyweight, for wrestling athletes is 1,79 kg*kg^-1 (7). Countermovement jump has been used extensively in the evaluation of lower extremity explosiveness. Lower-extremity muscular power can be important in a wrestling competition to lift an opponent or resist to a technique by the opponent (9). In wrestling, a study conducted U.S. Wrestling Team showed that Greco-Roman wrestlers had an average of 62.0 cm in vertical jump height after a countermovement phase (9). Injury prevention In the Greco-Roman style, athletes are not allowed to their opponents below the waist, while this is not so in the freestyle. However, in both types, the athletes must struggle extremely hard to dominate over the strength of their opponent and at the same time try to force and break their rivals defense once he is down on the mat. In this competition all parts of the body are involved in voluntary motions and involuntary motions in other times, which are focused at overpowering the resistance and strength of the opponent wrestler. During this process, bio-mechanical forces are affect both athletes, which in some occasions may induce undesirable consequences, including injury in different parts of the body (2). A research conducted on injured wrestlers, showed that the highest incidence of injuries were to the athletes skin (62%), followed by muscle (22%), bones (9%) and joints (7%), respectively (2). Focusing on the region of injury involvement, it was presented that 33.3% of the injuries occurred in the upper extremities. In another study carried out.in adolescent and preadolescent boys, the primary areas of injury were to the upper extremities (33%), and the neck and back (24%) (8). Those findings can be explained because in Greco-Roman style, most of the techniques are executed so as to bring the rival down and defeat him, use the trunk muscles. The results of such mechanical actions on the opponents body will be a crash fall on the mat, with the possibility of injurious involvement of the skin, followed by very high pressure to the trunk. Additionally, after the landing on the mat, additional pressure is put on the trunk by rubbing the body on the mat surface, which can cause to simultaneous injuries of the skin, neck and trunk, as well (2). Wrestling in general has its own risk of injury, as with any other type of sports. Nevertheless, the high occurrence of sports injuries in wrestling requires special attention and good preparation of the athletes and awareness and support by sports authorities, trainers and coaches (10). Proper strengthening of the muscles of the limbs and lower back is required prior high intensity training or competition to ensure durability of the tissue against forces and impacts. Tests There have been suggested numerous tests to evaluate the physical aspects relevant with wrestling (8). VO2max: Bruce Test is a test used for assessing Vo2max on treadmill (8). Work load is increased gradually by increasing speed and incline. The athlete eventually is exhausted and VO2max is estimated. Upper body strength: Maximum repetition test (RM) for bench press has been considered a valid method for evaluating a wrestlers upper body strength (8). Lying on the bench in a supine position, the subject holds the bear with overhand grip and with the hands approximately shoulder width apart. Lifting the bar from bench, he then pulls it down on the chest, and then extends the elbows fully, without locking them. For the warm up prior to the test the subject executes 5-10 reps with 30-40% of body weight and rest for 1 minute, then add 4-9 kg on the bar so that he can lift it in 3-5 reps and rest for two minutes, then keeps adding weight until he can lift the weight correctly just one time. Lower body strength: Maximum repetition test (RM) for squat has been considered a valid method for evaluating a wrestlers lower body strength. Using back squat test, the subject from a standing position, with feet shoulder width apart, goes under the squat device and puts the bar on his shoulders, and while keeping a straight back, sits 90 degrees and stands up. To prevent spine injuries, the spine can use a belt. For the warm up prior to the test the subject executes 5-10 reps with 30-40% of his body weight and rests for 1 minute, then performs squat adding 14-18 kg weight until he can lift it in 3-5 reps and rest for 2 minutes, then keeps adding weight until he can lift the weight correctly just one time. Leg explosiveness: Countermovement jump is a valid method to test a wrestlers lower extremity explosiveness (8). Instead of executing a countermovement jump with on a jump mat that automatically estimates the height jumped, a field test could alternate the lack of scientific equipment. A graded tape is attached to wall. With chalked fingertips, the subject stands in front of the wall with both arms extended overhead and with feet and chin touching the wall. The subject touches and marks the point where his fingertips touch the tape on the wall. For the jump, the subject jumps after executing a rapid squat so as to gain vertical momentum, and touches the tape at the highest point possible. The difference between pre and post jump touch marks is calculated as: VJ = maximal jump height initial reach height. An alternative method is for the subject to jump and push away vanes on an instrument, and the number of vanes pushed is assigned to a jump height. Hand grip strength: Perhaps the most common test conducted in the world of wrestling is the measurement of the strength of the hand grip by utilizing a hand dynamometer (4). The subject holds the dynamometer, with the arm extended and the elbow by the side of the body. Then the subject squeezes the dynamometer with maximum isometric effort, for about 5 seconds. No other movement is allowed. There should be strong encouragement to the subject to give a maximum effort. Selected Tests For the needs of this paper, the tests that evaluate lower-body explosiveness, lower-body strength and VO2max were selected. VO2max: Validity Bruce test is an sub-maximal protocol for the estimation of VO2max. Bruce et al reported Pearson product moment correlation coefficients (r) between predicted VO2max and measured VO2max of 0.94 for without cardiac conditions (n=292), 0.93 for women without cardiac conditions (n=509), and 0.87 for men with cardiac disease (n=153) (11). Reliability A comparison was carried out by Foster et al between predicted VO2max, and measured VO2max for the general equation and the population-specific equations (12). The average predicted error was -0.6 mL*kg^-1 * min^-1 for the general equation versus -2.0 mL*kg^-1 * min^-1 for the population-specific equations. The correlation between measured VO2max and predicted VO2max for the general equation was high (r=0.96), with a multiple correlation coefficient (R) of 0.98 and a standard error of the estimate (SEE) of 3.5 mL*kg^-1 * min^-1 (12). Squat test Validity Squat test has been used widely in athleticism for evaluating lower-extremity strength, and moreover, in numerous athletes of wrestling (8). Strength is the main characteristic in wrestling so evaluating and improving the strength is the main goal for many wrestling training protocols. Reliability Dong-il Seo after testing 15 males and 15 females on 1RM squat test, presented the following (13): males females total CV 0.345 0.53 ICC 0.992 0.973 0.994 Moreover McCurdy et al. and Tagesson and Kvist reported the reliability of 1RM testing on squat, and knee extension that each 1RM test was reliable (14,15). Countermovement jump: Validity The counter-movement jump is a performance test, which evaluates the power of the lower extremities (16). The counter-movement jump is has been used extensively in studies with plyometric sessions and in evaluation of sports that utilize the stretch-shortening cycle (16,17). Reliability The counter-movement jump, after reliability studying, has shown a high correlation coefficient with the explosive power factor (r = 0.87) (16). Along with squat jump it is the most reliable and valid field test for estimating the explosive power of the lower extremities.

Post-Modern Analysis Of Hr Gigers the birth machine Essay examples --

A Postmodern analysis of H.R. Giger's: "The Birth Machine" Contents 1. Introduction to Essay: Premodern, Modern and Post Modern Art 2. The Artist, Hans Rudi Giger and "The Birth Machine" 3. "The Birth Machine" 4. Picture: "The Birth Machine" 5. The Philosophical Narrative a. My chosen philosophical narrative (Postmodernism) b. Analysis of the piece through postmodernism 6. The Poem: "Der Atom Kinder" 7. Critical Evaluation 8. Conclusion 9. Picture: "Bullet Baby" and "Iron Cast Copy" 10. Bibliography Introduction: Premodern, Modern and Postmodern art forms Various styles of art change and mould to fit the times, as do their artists. It then follows that a number of eras are identifiable in history with the previous style or form of art usually being a catalyst for the next. The art often reflects not only the time in which it was created, but also the influence of the great thinkers of that time. The Premodern The premodern philosophy in relation to art can then be divided into two separate and distinct areas, namely the Hellenistic and the Medieval. The latter saw art as a mimetic actively or a second-hand reflection of the original source of meaning; that which is above man. In the biblical sense, this would refer to Yahweh or God (Kearney, 1994:115). This was followed by the belief that the imagination (and therefore that which came from the imagination) was a mere counterfeit of the original being (Kearney, 1994:117). As art could never be perfect and was always an interpretation of the imagination, the iconography (representational paintings) of Christ and the Saints had to therefore follow strict rules in order to show no emotion. This was no ensure that the icon which was being represented was being worshiped and never the painting itself. In the Hellenistic imagination, although man can be seem as an original creator of physical art pieces, the artists can never escape the feeling that it is an imitation of th... ...beautiful and artistic at the same time. Where the premodern art forms may have been too limiting on the artist and modern art a lot more reserved, postmodern art enables the artist to explore endless possibilities when it comes to expression. Perhaps too many as a lot of postmodern artists can start to claim almost any replicated image as a work of art. The imagination should be able to run freely, but should still, even in today's world on the monotonous, try to avoid too much replication. Nonetheless, Hans Rudi Giger remains a living legend along with his tortured artworks. Bibliography †¢ Kearney, R. The Wake of the Imagination Towards a postmodern Culture. London 1994 †¢ HR Giger. Giger's Necronomicon. Morpheus International. Beverley Hills. 1980 †¢ Stanislav Grof, Review of Necronomicon Mill Valley, California, January 2001. (www.ajlardim.com.br) †¢ http://webpages.charter.net/jspeyrer/necron.htm †¢ http://www.littlegiger.com/limited/ †¢ www.hrgiger.com †¢ www.giger.com

Acts of Kindness Essay

Category: Community Description of Act: Today I went to portage Park (which is very close to my house) and I picked up garbage with my pink gloves in a trash bag around the whole Park. Reflection: Since I live close to portage Park I go there a lot and when I go there I see that there’s a lot of trash around and nobody picks it up. So I decided that the nice thing that I would do would be to pick up the trash and put in a trashcan. I know I’m not helping that much because people are going to keep putting trash on the ground but at least I know that I can help a little bit. At first it was a little weird because people started wondering why I was wear pink gloves and picking up trash but then this one older woman came up to me and thanked me for picking up trash because she didn’t like it when the park was dirty and after that I felt really good about what I was doing and I felt like what I was doing had purpose. Act of kindness #2 Category: Community Description of Act: Me and my family decided that we should do something good for the community and we decided that we should make sandwiches for homeless people around the neighborhood and give them out to soup kitchens and other places like that. Reflection: So one day my family decided that they wanted to help the homeless people around my neighborhood since we have all this food and a roof over our house to be thankful for we should help those that were in need. When I was making the sandwiches I thought what I was doing was really positive and was a good thing but then I also thought what if they don’t want to be helped or pitied what if they have too much pride? But after we went around and gave around the sandwiches to homeless people and  soup kitchens and felt like it was still was kind of a rude but people need other people to help them sometimes and we were those people. The homeless people were very thankful for the sandwiches and were happy that we did what we d id. Act of kindness #3 Category: Teachers Description of Act: After school one day I went to one of my math teacher’s class and I helped them out with organizing papers, grading quizzes, and whatever else he needed. Reflection: Sometimes the only time I help teachers of the schools because of extra credit or they give me candy but this time I went because I wanted you guys out there that knew that he had a lot of work that he had to do but little time. When he saw me come into the classroom after school use a little surprised because he didn’t ask for any help for extra credit but I told him that I was there because I just wanted to help and be nice. He thought that it was very thoughtful me to help him with his grading and organizing and I felt really happy afterwards because I did something good without needing to have credit extra credit be a motivation. Act of kindness #4 Category: Teachers Description of Act: Today I saw a teacher going up the stairs with a lot of books and I came over and helped out and grab some of the books which were very heavy and helped her put them in the classroom that they needed to be in. Reflection: Even if I wasn’t doing this project which is pretty cool project if I do say so myself I would’ve still helped her out because of the kind of person I am and it just feels really nice when you help someone out without having them ask you. I know that if I was going to stairs with heavy books I would want someone to help me out too. When I asked if she needed help she smiled which made me smile made me feel good to help her. Act of kindness #5 Category: Parent/Guardians Description of Act: Today I woke up early in the morning I went into the kitchen and started cooking some breakfast. I cooked eggs, bacon, and hash  browns. I talked a lot so everybody my house could eat some and believe me they ate some. They didn’t ask me to cook and they were surprised that I cooked. Reflection: My Mom and Dad when I was little always used to cook me breakfast with eggs and bacon and all that other good stuff but since they work more often didn’t have the time to cook for us which was sad because I love bacon in the morning. So I decided I should make breakfast for them this one time because I’m terrible at cooking so I did and I did pretty well for my first time. They loved it and they loved that didn’t have asked me they love that it was a surprise they loved that it was actually good LOL. I felt really good inside and felt really nice to see my family together eating and it made me feel like I brought the family together. Act of kindness #6 Category: Parent/Guardians Description of Act: Again I woke up early and decided I would do a nice thing and clean house and when I meant clean the house I mean clean the HOUSE. I went all around the house cleaned every corner in every dusty place until it was spotless or close enough to spotless. And no one asked me to do it. Reflection: My mom always bugs me about cleaning my room and yells at me when I don’t so I thought to myself in the morning at 7:00 AM when everybody was sleeping why don’t I just clean no one else will do it and then she would never yell at me ever again just kidding. But I know I would make her happy so that’s the main reason why did it. I clean the house so good that I think I will never have to clean the house ever again. When my parents came home and saw the house I think they fainted cried almost there were happy that I did it without them having to ask. It made me happy that they were happy. But my arm still hurts though. Act of kindness #7 Category: Classmates/Friends Description of Act: Yesterday there was a friend at my rehearsal and she was crying and I asked her why she was crying and she responded to she felt uncomfortable and didn’t want to do something. I told her that she didn’t have to do anything that she didn’t want to and that she can talk to me anytime if she has any problems with anything or if she just wants to talk  and helped her back to rehearsal. Reflection: When I saw her crying I immediately went over and asked her what was wrong because I never like it when people are crying I like it when people are happy. I know and I was crying I would want someone to comfort me as well and that the cheapo uncomfortable with something even made it worse because no one should feel uncomfortable ever. When she was crying I felt like I just needed to help her in any way I could and so I talked to her and let her know that she can talk to me anytime because of space that I am free all the time and I just like to make peo ple feel better. She said she was happy that she had me as a friend and it made me feel all good inside will Act of kindness #8 Category: Classmates/Friends Description of Act: I spent some time with my friend when they were feeling lonely and they really needed some company. So I went over to the house and we played to videogames talked about politics and the world (not really we were just worrying about the ACT). We ate some stuff and had I had a really good time. Reflection: When my friend asked me to hang out I didn’t really feel like it but I didn’t want her to feel all alone and stuff so I got my butt over to her house as fast as possible and I hung out with her. She was really glad that I came over and I was glad that I came over to because to bored people make for a really interesting and weird time. Again I felt like a really good for spending some time with my good friend and the really nice to make someone feel better. Act of kindness #9 Category: Strangers/Random Description of Act: Today I was on a bus and I have going on I saw that the person behind me was viciously looking into her purse for money and for the life of her could not find it and I saw that in my purse I had an extra card for the bus that had one more ride on it. So I decided to give it to her so she can get on the bus because she really looked like she needed to get on the bus. So I did. Reflection: I’ve never had that before like when I don’t have any money on the bus and someone’s like â€Å"Oh here I’ll give you money here you go â€Å"but the bus driver usually just let me go so that’s pretty  nice. I felt like this one time I should at least help this lady out because this bus driver does not look like the type to give free rides and I’m pretty sure she really needs to be somewhere by the way she is tearing up that purse. When I gave her the bus card I think in her point of view there was like a gleaming light behind me and a choir singing because her eyes got huge and I think she was about to kneel before me but she said â€Å"Thank you so much†. I always have extra money on me because my mom is always scared that something terrible is going to happen to me so if you ever need money look for me. I felt like a hero after I gave her the money just without the Cape. Act of Kindness #10 Category: Strangers/Random Description of Act: Today there was a woman who looked like she was lost so I went up to her and asked her if she was having any trouble finding something and she was trying to find Lakeview which is lucky for her because I know exactly where that is. So I gave her directions to Lakeview. Reflection: Sometimes I get lost a lot and I mean a lot and I know that I should know where everything is in Chicago because I’ve been here since I was born so I’m a true Chicagoan but let’s face it I am not a true Chicagoan because I’ve never really been around Chicago a lot like my whole life. But this lady is a lucky because I know exactly where Lakeview is because I’m a student there of course not because I have my phone with me with a map in it. Preposterous! So anyways I gave her the directions and she was very thankful that I was there to save the day. I knew what I did was a really good and patted myself on the back and went on to do whatever I was doing th at day which is probably nothing.

The Fall of Rome How, When, and Why Did It Happen

The phrase the Fall of Rome suggests that some cataclysmic event ended the Roman Empire which had stretched from the British Isles to Egypt and Iraq. But at the end, there was no straining at the gates, no barbarian horde that dispatched the Roman Empire in one fell swoop. Instead, the Roman Empire fell slowly as a result of challenges from within and without, and changing over the course of hundreds of years until its form was unrecognizable. Because of the long process, different historians have placed an end date at many different points on a continuum. Perhaps the Fall of Rome is best understood as a compilation of various maladies that altered a large swath of human habitation over many hundreds of years. When Did Rome Fall? 19th-century illustration of Romulus Augustulus resigning the Roman crown to Odoacer; from an unknown source. Public Domain/Wikimedia In his masterwork, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, historian Edward Gibbon selected 476 CE, a date most often mentioned by historians. That date was when Odoacer, the Germanic king  of the Torcilingi, deposed Romulus Augustulus, the last Roman emperor to rule the western part of the Roman Empire. The eastern half became the Byzantine Empire, with its capital at Constantinople (modern Istanbul). But the city of Rome continued to exist. Some see the rise of Christianity as putting an end to the Romans; those who disagree with that find the rise of Islam a more fitting bookend to the end of the empire—but that would put the Fall of Rome at Constantinople in 1453! In the end, the arrival of Odoacer was but one of many barbarian incursions into the empire. Certainly, the people who lived through the takeover would probably be surprised by the importance we place on determining an  exact event and time. How Did Rome Fall? Just as the Fall of Rome was not caused by a single event, the way Rome fell was also complex. In fact, during the period of imperial decline, the empire actually expanded. That influx of conquered peoples and lands changed the structure of the Roman government. Emperors moved the capital away from the city of Rome, too. The schism of east and west created not just an eastern capital first in Nicomedia and then Constantinople, but also a move in the west from Rome to Milan. Rome started out as a small, hilly settlement by the Tiber River in the middle of the Italian boot, surrounded by more powerful neighbors. By the time Rome became an empire, the territory covered by the term Rome looked completely different. It reached its greatest extent in the second century CE. Some of the arguments about the Fall of Rome focus on the geographic diversity and the territorial expanse that Roman emperors and their legions had to control. Why Did Rome Fall? Pont du Gard, Roman Aqueduct, France. Karoly Lorentey This is easily the most argued question about the fall of Rome. The Roman Empire lasted over a thousand years and represented a sophisticated and adaptive civilization. Some historians maintain that it was the split into an eastern and western empire governed by separate emperors caused Rome to fall. Most classicists believe that a combination of factors including Christianity, decadence, the metal lead in the water supply, monetary trouble, and military problems caused the Fall of Rome. Imperial incompetence and chance could be added to the list. And still, others question the assumption behind the question and maintain that the Roman empire didnt fall so much as adapt to changing circumstances. Christianity 4th-century mosaic in the vault of a mausoleum built under Constantine the Great for his daughter Constantina (Costanza), who died in 354 AD. R Rumora (2012) Institute for the Study of the Ancient World When the Roman Empire started, there was no such religion as Christianity. In the 1st century CE, Herod executed their founder Jesus for treasonous behavior. It took his followers a few centuries to gain enough clout to be able to win over imperial support. This began in the early 4th century with Emperor Constantine, who was actively involved in Christian policy-making. When Constantine established a state-level religious tolerance in the Roman Empire, he took on the title of Pontiff. Although he was not necessarily a Christian himself (he wasnt baptized until he was on his deathbed), he gave Christians privileges and oversaw major Christian religious disputes. He may not have understood how the pagan cults, including those of the emperors, were at odds with the new monotheistic religion, but they were, and in time the old Roman religions lost out. Over time, Christian church leaders became increasingly influential, eroding the emperors powers. For example, when Bishop Ambrose (340–397 CE) threatened to withhold the sacraments, Emperor Theodosius did the penance the Bishop assigned him. Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the official religion in 390 CE. Since Roman civic and religious life were deeply connected—priestesses controlled the fortune of Rome, prophetic books told leaders what they needed to win wars, and emperors were deified—Christian religious beliefs and allegiances conflicted with the working of empire. Barbarians and Vandals 395 BC Visigoth King Alaric. Getty Images/Charles Phelps Cushing/ClassicStock The barbarians, which is a term that covers a varied and changing group of outsiders, were embraced by Rome, who used them as suppliers of tax revenue and bodies for the military, even promoting them to positions of power. But Rome also lost territory and revenue to them, especially in northern Africa, which Rome lost to the Vandals at the time St. Augustine, in the early 5th century CE. At the same time the Vandals took over the Roman territory in Africa, Rome lost Spain to the Sueves, Alans, and Visigoths. The loss of Spain meant Rome lost revenue along with the territory and administrative control, a perfect example of the interconnected causes leading to Romes fall. That revenue was needed to support Romes army and Rome needed its army to keep what territory it still maintained. Decadence and Decay of Romes Control The Mother of the Gracchi, c1780. Artist: Joseph Benoit Suvee. Print Collector/Getty Images / Getty Images There is no doubt that decay—the loss of Roman control over the military and populace—affected the ability of the Roman Empire to keep its borders intact. Early issues included the crises of the Republic in the first century BCE under the emperors Sulla and Marius, as well as that of the Gracchi brothers in the second century CE. But by the fourth century, the Roman Empire had simply become too big to control easily. The decay of the army, according to the 5th-century Roman historian Vegetius, came from within the army itself. The army grew weak from the lack of wars and stopped wearing their protective armor. This made them vulnerable to enemy weapons and provided a temptation to flee from battle. Security may have led to the cessation of the rigorous drills. Vegetius says the leaders became incompetent and rewards were unfairly distributed. In addition, as time went on, Roman citizens including soldiers and their families living outside of Italy, identified with Rome less and less compared to their Italian counterparts. They preferred to live as natives, even if this meant poverty, which, in turn, meant they turned to those who could help—Germans, brigands, Christians, and Vandals. Lead Poisoning Some scholars have suggested that the Romans suffered from lead poisoning. There was lead in Roman drinking water, leached in from water pipes used in the vast Roman water control system; lead glazes on containers that came in contact with food and beverages; and food preparation techniques that could have contributed to heavy metal poisoning. The lead was also used in cosmetics, even though it was also known in Roman times as a deadly poison, and used in contraception. Economics Economic factors are also often cited as a major cause of the fall of Rome. Some of the major factors, like inflation, over-taxation, and feudalism are discussed elsewhere. Other lesser economic issues included the wholesale hoarding of bullion by Roman citizens, the widespread looting of the Roman treasury by barbarians, and a massive trade deficit with the eastern regions of the empire. Together these issues combined to escalate financial stress during the empires last days. Sources Baynes, Norman H. The Decline of the Roman Power in Western Europe. Some Modern Explanations. Journal of Roman Studies 33.1-2 (1943): 29-35. Print.Dorjahn, Alfred P., and Lester K. Born. Vegetius on the Decay of the Roman Army. The Classical Journal 30.3 (1934): 148-58. Print.Gibbon, Edward. The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. 12 volumes. New York: Fred de Fau, 1776. Phillips, Charles Robert. Old Wine in Old Lead Bottles: Nriagu on the Fall of Rome. The Classical World 78.1 (1984): 29-33. Print.